学委真不负责

n+e posted @ 2016年10月16日 18:46 in 日常 with tags 数学 , 2574 阅读

微积分

$1^\infty$ 的处理

令 $$\lim_{x\to x_o} u(x)=1,\ \lim_{x\to x_o} v(x)=\infty$$

则 $$\begin{eqnarray} \lim_{x\to x_o} u(x)^{v(x)}&=&\lim_{x\to x_o} [1+(u-1)]^{\frac{1}{u-1}\cdot (u-1)\cdot v}\\&=&\exp\Big\{\lim_{x\to x_o}(u-1)\cdot v\Big\} \end{eqnarray}$$


例题:$$ \begin{eqnarray} & &\lim_{x\to \infty}(\sin \frac{1}{x}+\cos\frac{1}{x})^x\\ &= &\exp\Big\{\lim_{x\to\infty}x\cdot(\sin\frac{1}{x}+\cos\frac{1}{x}-1)\Big\}\\&=&\exp\Big\{\lim_{x\to\infty}x\cdot (\frac{1}{x}+1-1+o(\frac{1}{x}))\Big\}\\&=&\exp(1)=e\end{eqnarray}$$

还有习题课 函数连续性 第二题 秒出

(可以试一下作业第八题)

各种小量运算

大家都会泰勒展开那我就不说了

$\sin x\sim x-\frac{x^3}{6}+o(x^3)$

$\cos x\sim 1-\frac{x^2}{2}+o(x^2)$

$\tan x\sim x+\frac{x^3}{3}+o(x^3)$

$e^x\sim 1+x+\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{6}+o(x^3)$

$\ln(x+1)\sim x-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{3}+o(x^3)$

$(1+x)^\alpha\sim 1+\alpha x+\frac{\alpha^2-\alpha}{2}x^2+o(x^2)$

当 $x\to 0$ 时可以直接替代,否则不能用

Stolz定理的应用

我们知道Stolz定理就是离散洛必达,所以洛必达能干的事情Stolz应该也能干,比如 $0\cdot \infty$ 型求极限

方法差不多长这样:

$n\cdot x_n=\frac{n}{\frac{1}{x_n}}\sim \frac{n+1-n}{\frac{1}{x_{n+1}}-\frac{1}{x_n}}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x_{n+1}}-\frac{1}{x_n}}$

于是就能把n给消掉了。多用于 $x_{n+1}=f(x_n)$ 型的数列。


例题:设 $x_n\in (0,1), x_{n+1}=x_n(1-x_n),$ 试证明 $\lim_{n\to \infty} nx_n=1$

直接按照上面的来就好了。

练习:设$x_n\in (0,1), x_{n+1}=\sin(x_n),$ 试证明 $\lim_{n\to \infty}\sqrt{\frac{n}{3}}x_n=1$

习题课上的收获

只要是“证明xx收敛”,而没有求值的题目,多半是用柯西;否则只要把要证的东西通过放缩/迭代/奇技淫巧,变成题目里的东西就好

好题推荐

试证明$$\lim_{n\to\infty} n\sin(2\pi e n!)=2\pi$$

线代

“加边法”

线代第二次作业P36/11(1)有无脑做法。对4班那次推送忍了很久了,因此点了几次右下角的投诉,理由是“常识性谣言”。

就是加一行一列不改变行列式:$$D=\begin{vmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}\\a_{21}&a_{22}\end{vmatrix}=\begin{vmatrix}1&bla&bla\\0&a_{11}&a_{12}\\0&a_{21}&a_{22}\end{vmatrix}$$

可以自行选取 bla 的值,然后通过行列变换将原来矩阵里面的东西消掉,比如11(1)

$$\begin{eqnarray} & &\begin{vmatrix}1+a_1+b_1&a_1+b_2&\cdots&a_1+b_n\\a_2+b_1&1+a_2+b_2&\cdots&a_2+b_n\\\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\a_n+b_1&a_n+b_2&\cdots&1+a_n+b_n\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1&-b_1&-b_2&\cdots&-b_n\\0&1+a_1+b_1&a_1+b_2&\cdots&a_1+b_n\\0&a_2+b_1&1+a_2+b_2&\cdots&a_2+b_n\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\0&a_n+b_1&a_n+b_2&\cdots&a_n+b_n\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1&-b_1&-b_2&\cdots&-b_n\\1&1+a_1&a_1&\cdots&a_1\\1&a_2&1+a_2&\cdots&a_2\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\1&a_n&a_n&\cdots&1+a_n\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1&0&0&0&\cdots&0\\0&1&-b_1&-b_2&\cdots&-b_n\\-a_1&1&1+a_1&a_1&\cdots&a_1\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\-a_n&1&a_n&a_n&\cdots&1+a_n\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1&0&1&1&\cdots&1\\0&1&-b_1&-b_2&\cdots&-b_n\\-a_1&1&1&0&\cdots&0\\-a_2&1&0&1&\cdots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\-a_n&1&0&0&\cdots&1\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1+\sum a_i&0&1&1&\cdots&1\\-\sum a_ib_i&1&-b_1&-b_2&\cdots&-b_n\\0&1&1&0&\cdots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\0&1&0&0&\cdots&1\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\begin{vmatrix}1+\sum a_i&-n&1&\cdots&1\\-\sum a_ib_i&1+\sum b_i&-b_1&\cdots&-b_n\\0&0&1&\cdots&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\0&0&0&\cdots&1\end{vmatrix}\\ &=&\Big(1+\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\Big)\Big(1+\sum_{i=1}^n b_i\Big)-n\sum_{i=1}^n a_ib_i \end{eqnarray}$$

程设

要讲些啥呢?

大家把平时困惑的问题,哪怕是很小很小的问题,哪怕你最后自己解决了,发到公众号里面。我们才能根据大家的需求编写推送哦~

#include <cstdio>
char a[20],len;
int check(int x){
    for(len=0;x;x/=10)a[++len]=x%10;
    for(int i=1;i<=len;i++,len--)
        if(a[i]!=a[len])return 0;
    return 1;
}
int n;
int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=1;i*i*i<=n;i++)
        if(check(i)&&check(i*i)&&check(i*i*i))
            printf("%d ",i);
    return 0;
}

我会说上面的代码是我刚睡醒在手机上直接敲的吗233

#include <cstdio>
int n,a[60]={1};
int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
        for(int j=i;j;j--)
            a[j]+=a[j-1];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        printf("%d ",a[i]);
    puts("");
    return 0;
}

听说周二选李宛洲的课的同学要考试?害怕

思修习题十答案

D;C;ABC;ABCD;

---By n+e
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