模板合集

n+e posted @ 2015年7月13日 10:20 in BZOJ with tags template , 8653 阅读

基本算法

首先当然是输入/输出优化辣~基本不占内存

char ch,B[1<<15],*S=B,*T=B;
#define getc() (S==T&&(T=(S=B)+fread(B,1,1<<15,stdin),S==T)?0:*S++)
#define isd(c) (c>='0'&&c<='9')
int aa,bb;int F(){
	while(ch=getc(),!isd(ch)&&ch!='-');ch=='-'?aa=bb=0:(aa=ch-'0',bb=1);
	while(ch=getc(),isd(ch))aa=aa*10+ch-'0';return bb?aa:-aa;
}
char U[1<<15|1],*O=U,*W=U+(1<<15),stk[20],ts;
#define mod 1000000000
#define putc(c) (O==W?fwrite(U,1,1<<15,stdout),O=U,1:1,*O++=c)
#define pr(x) (x>=mod?pri(x/mod),pr9(x%mod):pri(x))
void pri(int x){
	if(!x)putc('0');else{
		for(ts=0;x;x/=10)stk[++ts]=x%10+'0';
		for(;ts;putc(stk[ts--]));
	}
}
void pr9(int x){
	for(ts=1;ts<=9;ts++)stk[ts]=x%10+'0',x/=10;
	for(ts=9;ts;putc(stk[ts--]));
}

高精写太龊了就不贴了= =

数据结构

int fa[N];
int gf(int x){
	return fa[x]==x?x:fa[x]=gf(fa[x]);
}
//若干年前写的= =自从用上了priority_queue之后就再也不想写了虽然某次CTSC被卡过常数555
int hr;struct H{int n,d;}h[M];
void ins(const H&t){
	int i;
	for(i=++hr;i!=1&&t.d<h[i>>1].d;i>>=1)h[i]=h[i>>1];
	h[i]=t;
}
void dlt(){
	hr--;int i;
	for(i=1;(i<<1)<=hr&&!(h[hr+1].d<=h[i<<1].d&&h[hr+1].d<=h[i<<1|1].d);)
	i<<1!=hr&&h[i<<1|1].d<h[i<<1].d?(h[i]=h[i<<1|1],i=i<<1|1):(h[i]=h[i<<1],i=i<<1);
	h[i]=h[hr+1];
}
const int M=(1<<20)-1;
class HASH{public:
    int la[1<<20],et;
    struct E{long long key;int f,nxt;}e[N];
    void clr(){et=0;}
    inline void add(long long x,int f){
        for(int i=la[x&M];i;i=e[i].nxt)
        if(e[i].key==x){
            e[i].f=f;return;
        }
        e[++et]=(E){x,f,la[x&M]},la[x&M]=et;
    }
    inline void del(long long x){
        la[x&M]=0;
    }
    inline int query(long long x){
        for(int i=la[x&M];i;i=e[i].nxt)
        if(e[i].key==x)return e[i].f;
        return -1;
    }
}hash;
int n,z[N];
void add(int t,int x){
	for(;t<=n;t+=t&-t)z[t]+=x;
}
int getsum(int t){
	int f=0;
	for(;t;t-=t&-t)f+=z[t];
	return f;
}
//单点修改区间查询
for(n=F(),m=F(),d=1;d<n;d<<=1);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)t[i+d]=F();
for(i=d-1;i;i--)t[i]=t[i<<1]>t[i<<1|1]?t[i<<1]:t[i<<1|1];
while(m--)
if(F())for(t[i=d+F()-1]=F();i>>=1;t[i]=t[i<<1]>t[i<<1|1]?t[i<<1]:t[i<<1|1]);
else{
	for(l=F()+d-2,r=F()+d,o=0;l^r^1;l>>=1,r>>=1)
		~l&1&&o<t[l^1]?o=t[l^1]:1,
		 r&1&&o<t[r^1]?o=t[r^1]:1;
	printf("%d\n",o);
}
int merge(int x,int y){
	if(!x||!y)return x|y;
	if(v[x]<v[y])swap(x,y);
	R[x]=merge(R[x],y);swap(L[x],R[x]);
	return x;
}
struct T{int l,r,siz;char ch;}t[1<<23];
#define ls t[o].l
#define rs t[o].r
int merge(int l,int r){
	if(!l||!r)return l+r;int o=++tot;
	if(rand()%(t[l].siz+t[r].siz)<t[l].siz)
	t[o]=t[l],rs=merge(rs,r);
	else t[o]=t[r],ls=merge(l,ls);
	t[o].siz=t[l].siz+t[r].siz;
	return o;
}
void split(int x,int k,int&l,int&r){
	if(!x){l=r=0;return;}int o=++tot;t[o]=t[x];
	if(t[ls].siz>=k)split(ls,k,l,r),ls=r,r=o;
	else split(rs,k-1-t[ls].siz,l,r),rs=l,l=o;
	t[o].siz=t[ls].siz+t[rs].siz+1;
}
int fa[N],son[N],rev[N],siz[N];
#define ls son[o][0]
#define rs son[o][1]
void pu(int t){//push_up
	...
}
void pd(int t){//push_down
	...
}
void rtt(int t){//rotate
	int f=fa[t],p=son[f][1]==t;
	(fa[t]=fa[f])?son[fa[f]][son[fa[f]][1]==f]=t:1;
	(son[f][p]=son[t][!p])?fa[son[f][p]]=f:1,
	pu(son[fa[f]=t][!p]=f);
}
void pv(int t,int r){//preview
	if(fa[t]!=r)pv(fa[t]);pd(t);
}
void splay(int t,int root=0){int f;
	for(pv(t,root);fa[t]!=root;rtt(t))
	if(f=fa[t],fa[f]!=root)rtt(son[f][1]==t^son[fa[f]][1]==f?t:f);//把这行删掉就变成了spaly 233
	pu(t);
}
int pre(int o){for(splay(o),o=ls;rs;o=rs);return o;}
int nxt(int o){for(splay(o),o=rs;ls;o=ls);return o;}
//询问区间第k小
int bt(int g,int l,int r,int x){
	int mid=(l+r)>>1,now=++t0;t[now]=t[g],t[now].x++;
	if(l==r)return now;
	if(x<=mid)t[now].l=bt(t[g].l,l,mid,x);
	else t[now].r=bt(t[g].r,mid+1,r,x);
	return now;
}
int query(int rg,int lg,int x,int l,int r){
	if(l==r)return l;
	int mid=(l+r)>>1,v=t[t[rg].l].x-t[t[lg].l].x;
	if(v>=x)return query(t[rg].l,t[lg].l,x,l,mid);
	else return query(t[rg].r,t[lg].r,x-v,mid+1,r);
}
//BZOJ-1036
int et,la[N],n,q,id[N],fa[N],son[N],siz[N],dep[N],top[N],x,y,i,dfn;
#define swap(x,y) (st=x,x=y,y=st)
struct E{int to,nxt;}e[N<<1];
#define add(x,y) (e[++et]=(E){y,la[x]},la[x]=et)
#define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b)
void dfs(int x,int f){
	dep[x]=dep[fa[x]=f]+1,siz[x]=1;
	for(int i=la[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)if(e[i].to!=f){
		dfs(e[i].to,x),siz[x]+=siz[e[i].to];
		if(siz[e[i].to]>siz[son[x]])son[x]=e[i].to;
	}
}
void dfs2(int x,int t){
	if(id[x]=++dfn,top[x]=t,son[x])dfs2(son[x],t);
	for(int i=la[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(e[i].to!=fa[x]&&e[i].to!=son[x])dfs2(e[i].to,e[i].to);
}
void query(int l,int r){
	//询问线段树中区间[l,r]的答案
}
void getlca(int x,int y){
	int fx=top[x],fy=top[y];
	while(fx!=fy){
		if(dep[fx]<dep[fy])swap(fx,fy),swap(x,y);
		query(id[fx],id[x]),x=fa[fx],fx=top[x];
	}
	if(dep[x]>dep[y])swap(x,y);
	query(id[x],id[y]);
}
//BZOJ-1036
#define cmax(a,b) (a<b?a=b:1)
const int N=30010;
int n,q,u,v,fa[N],son[N][2],val[N],sum[N],max[N],swp,rev[N];
#define swap(a,b) (swp=a,a=b,b=swp)
void pu(int t){
	max[t]=val[t],cmax(max[t],max[son[t][0]]),cmax(max[t],max[son[t][1]]);
	sum[t]=sum[son[t][0]]+sum[son[t][1]]+val[t];
}
void pd(int t){
	if(rev[t])rev[t]=0,rev[son[t][0]]^=1,rev[son[t][1]]^=1,swap(son[t][0],son[t][1]);
}
bool nr(int t){return son[fa[t]][0]==t||son[fa[t]][1]==t;}
void rtt(int t,int f=0,bool p=0){
	p=son[f=fa[t]][1]==t,
	fa[t]=fa[f],nr(f)?son[fa[f]][son[fa[f]][1]==f]=t:1,
	(son[f][p]=son[t][!p])?fa[son[f][p]]=f:1,
	pu(son[fa[f]=t][!p]=f);
}
void pv(int t){
	if(nr(t))pv(fa[t]);pd(t);
}
void splay(int t,int f=0){
	for(pv(t);nr(t);rtt(t))
	if(nr(f=fa[t]))rtt(son[f][1]==t^son[fa[f]][1]==f?t:f);
	pu(t);
}
void access(int t,int las=0){
	for(;t;splay(t),son[t][1]=las,las=t,t=fa[t]);
}
void makeroot(int t){
	access(t),splay(t),rev[t]^=1;
}
void link(int u,int v){
	makeroot(u),fa[u]=v;
}
void cut(int u,int v){
	makeroot(u),access(v),splay(v),son[v][0]=fa[u]=0;
}
//BZOJ-2648
int n,m,op,x,y,i,dd,rt,ans;
struct T{int d[2],s[2],x[2],y[2];}t[1<<20];
struct P{int d[2];}a[1<<19];
bool operator<(const P&a,const P&b){return a.d[dd]<b.d[dd]||a.d[dd]==b.d[dd]&&a.d[dd^1]<b.d[dd^1];}
#define abs(x) (x>0?x:-(x))
#define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b)
#define cmax(a,b) (a<b?a=b:a)
#define cmin(a,b) (a>b?a=b:a)
#define ls t[now].s[0]
#define rs t[now].s[1]
void mt(int f,int x){
	cmin(t[f].x[0],t[x].x[0]),cmax(t[f].x[1],t[x].x[1]);
	cmin(t[f].y[0],t[x].y[0]),cmax(t[f].y[1],t[x].y[1]);
}
int bt(int l,int r,int d){
	dd=d;int now=l+r>>1;
	std::nth_element(a+l,a+now,a+r+1);
	t[now].d[0]=t[now].x[0]=t[now].x[1]=a[now].d[0];
	t[now].d[1]=t[now].y[0]=t[now].y[1]=a[now].d[1];
	if(l<now)ls=bt(l,now-1,d^1),mt(now,ls);
	if(now<r)rs=bt(now+1,r,d^1),mt(now,rs);
	return now;
}
int getdis(int p){
	return max(t[p].x[0]-x,0)+max(x-t[p].x[1],0)+max(t[p].y[0]-y,0)+max(y-t[p].y[1],0);
}
void ins(int n){
	for(int p=rt,dd=0;p;dd^=1){
		mt(p,n);int&nx=t[p].s[t[n].d[dd]>=t[p].d[dd]];
		if(nx==0){nx=n;return;}else p=nx;
	}
}
void query(int now){
	int d[2]={1<<30,1<<30},d0=abs(t[now].d[0]-x)+abs(t[now].d[1]-y),p;
	if(ls)d[0]=getdis(ls);if(rs)d[1]=getdis(rs);p=d[0]>=d[1];cmin(ans,d0);
	if(d[p]<ans)query(t[now].s[p]);
	if(d[p^1]<ans)query(t[now].s[p^1]);
}

DP

感觉没什么模板= =

//q表示单调队列,当f[i]=max()时维护开口向下的凸壳,斜率递减/f[i]=min()时维护开口向上的凸壳,斜率递增
//大不了暴力枚举不等号方向跟暴力拍一下,反正就四种情况
for(i=0;i<=n;q[++r]=i++){
		while(l<r&&y[q[l+1]]-y[q[l]]<=(cnt[q[l]+1]-cnt[q[l+1]+1])*d[i])l++;//未移项的不等式
		j=q[l],f[i]=f[j]+s[i]+sum[j+1]-sum[i]-(dis-d[i])*(cnt[j+1]-cnt[i]),y[i]=f[i]+sum[i+1]-dis*cnt[i+1];//表达式
		while(l<r&&(y[q[r]]-y[q[r-1]])*(cnt[i+1]-cnt[q[r]+1])<=(y[i]-y[q[r]])*(cnt[q[r]+1]-cnt[q[r-1]+1]))r--;//比较斜率
}

图论

int et=1,la[N];
struct E{int to,v,nxt;}e[N<<1];
void add(int x,int y,int v){
	e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et;
}
int q[N],l,r,d[N],in[N];
void spfa(int s){
	memset(d,63,sizeof(d));
	for(q[l=r=0]=s,d[s]=0,in[s]=1;l<=r;in[q[l++]]=0)
	for(int i=la[q[l]];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(d[e[i].to]>d[q[l]]+e[i].v){
		d[e[i].to]=d[q[l]]+e[i].v;
		if(!in[e[i].to])in[q[++r]=e[i].to]=1;
	}
}
//若干年前写的DJ...
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
const int MAXN=1000010,MAXM=10000010;
int la[MAXN],et,d[MAXN],in[MAXN],hr;
struct E{int to,v,nxt;}e[MAXM<<1];
#define add(x,y,v) (e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et)
int hr;struct H{int n,d;}h[M];
void ins(const H&t){int i;for(i=++hr;i!=1&&t.d<h[i>>1].d;i>>=1)h[i]=h[i>>1];h[i]=t;}
void dlt(){
	hr--;int i;
	for(i=1;(i<<1)<=hr&&!(h[hr+1].d<=h[i<<1].d&&h[hr+1].d<=h[i<<1|1].d);)
	i<<1!=hr&&h[i<<1|1].d<h[i<<1].d?(h[i]=h[i<<1|1],i=i<<1|1):(h[i]=h[i<<1],i=i<<1);
	h[i]=h[hr+1];
}
void dijkstra(int s){
	memset(d,127,sizeof(d)),
	memset(in,0,sizeof(in));int i,tmp;
	for(ins((H){s,d[s]=0});hr;dlt())
	if(!in[h[1].n]){
		for(in[h[1].n]=1,i=la[h[1].n];i;i=e[i].nxt)
		if(d[e[i].to]>(tmp=d[h[1].n]+e[i].v))
		ins((H){e[i].to,d[e[i].to]=tmp});
	}
}
int dfs(int x){
	for(int i=la[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(vis[e[i].to]!=tim){
		vis[e[i].to]=tim;
		if(!fa[e[i].to]||dfs(fa[e[i].to]))
		return fa[e[i].to]=x,1;
	}
	return 0;
}
main(){
	...
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)tim++,ans+=dfs(i);
	...
}
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define N 5010
int n,m,s,t,la[N],et=1,d[N],cur[N],q[N],l,r;
struct E{int to,flow,nxt;}e[100000];
void add(int x,int y,int v){
	e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et;
	e[++et]=(E){x,0,la[y]},la[y]=et;
}
int bfs(){
	memset(d,0,sizeof(d));
	for(q[l=r=0]=t,d[t]=1;l<=r;l++)
	for(int i=la[q[l]];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(e[i^1].flow&&!d[e[i].to])
	d[q[++r]=e[i].to]=d[q[l]]+1;
	return d[s];
}
int dfs(int x,int ret){
	if(x==t||ret==0)return ret;
	int tmp,flow=0;
	for(int&i=cur[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(d[x]==d[e[i].to]+1){
		tmp=dfs(e[i].to,e[i].flow<ret-flow?e[i].flow:ret-flow);
		e[i].flow-=tmp,e[i^1].flow+=tmp,flow+=tmp;
		if(ret==flow)return flow;
	}
	return flow;
}
int maxflow(){
	int flow=0;
	while(bfs())memcpy(cur,la,sizeof(la)),flow+=dfs(s,1<<30);
	return flow;
}
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
const int N=2000,M=40000,oo=1<<28;
int p[N],d[N],q[1<<20],la[N],s,t,et=1,in[N];
struct E{int to,flow,cost,nxt;}e[M<<1];
#define cmin(a,b) (a>b?a=b:1)
void add(int from,int to,int flow,int cost){
	e[++et]=(E){to,flow,cost,la[from]},la[from]=et;
	e[++et]=(E){from,0,-cost,la[to]},la[to]=et;
}
int spfa(){
	memset(d,63,sizeof(d));int l,r,i;
	for(q[l=r=1]=s,in[s]=1,d[s]=0;l<=r;in[q[l++]]=0)
	for(i=la[q[l]];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(e[i].flow&&d[e[i].to]>d[q[l]]+e[i].cost){
		d[e[i].to]=d[q[l]]+e[i].cost;p[e[i].to]=i;
		if(!in[e[i].to])in[q[++r]=e[i].to]=1;
	}
	return d[t]<d[0];
}
int mincost(){
	int flow=0,cost=1<<20,u,tmp;
	while(spfa()){tmp=oo;
		for(u=t;u!=s;u=e[p[u]^1].to)cmin(tmp,e[p[u]].flow);
		for(u=t;u!=s;u=e[p[u]^1].to)e[p[u]].flow-=tmp,e[p[u]^1].flow+=tmp;
		flow+=tmp,cost+=d[t]*tmp;
	}
	return cost;
}
int lca(int x,int y){
	int k,i;
	if(dep[x]<dep[y])k=x,x=y,y=k;
	for(i=0,k=dep[x]-dep[y];k;k>>=1,i++)
	if(k&1)x=fa[x][i];
	if(x==y)return x;
	for(i=0;fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i];i++);
	for(i--;~i;i--)if(fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i])x=fa[x][i],y=fa[y][i];
	return fa[x][0];
}
//前面两个dfs跟树剖一样
int lca(int x,int y){
	while(top[x]!=top[y])
	if(dep[top[x]]>dep[top[y]])x=fa[top[x]];else y=fa[top[y]];
	return dep[x]<dep[y]?x:y;
}
#define N 1010
int n,m,x,y,v,mate[N],fa[N],pre[N],la[N],et,ans,q[N],l,r,sta[N],vis[N],tim;
struct E{int to,nxt;}e[6010];
#define add(x,y) (e[++et]=(E){y,la[x]},la[x]=et)
int gf(int x){return fa[x]==x?x:fa[x]=gf(fa[x]);}
int lca(int x,int y){
	for(++tim,x=gf(x),y=gf(y);;v=x,x=y,y=v)if(x){
		if(vis[x]==tim)return x;
		vis[x]=tim,x=gf(pre[mate[x]]);
	}
}
int blossom(int x,int y,int g){
	while(gf(x)!=g){
		if(pre[x]=y,sta[mate[x]]==1)sta[q[++r]=mate[x]]=0;
		if(gf(x)==x)fa[x]=g;if(gf(mate[x])==mate[x])fa[mate[x]]=g;
		y=mate[x],x=pre[y];
	}
}
int match(int s){int i,j,las;
	memset(pre,0,sizeof(pre));
	memset(sta,-1,sizeof(sta));
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)fa[i]=i;
	for(q[l=r=0]=s,sta[s]=0;l<=r;l++)
	for(i=la[q[l]];i;i=e[i].nxt)
	if(sta[e[i].to]==-1){
		pre[e[i].to]=q[l],sta[e[i].to]=1;
		if(!mate[e[i].to]){
			for(j=q[l],i=e[i].to;j;j=pre[i=las])las=mate[j],mate[j]=i,mate[i]=j;
			return 1;
		}
		sta[q[++r]=mate[e[i].to]]=0;
	}
	else if(gf(e[i].to)!=gf(q[l])&&sta[e[i].to]==0)
		j=lca(e[i].to,q[l]),blossom(e[i].to,q[l],j),blossom(q[l],e[i].to,j);
	return 0;
}

字符串

void add(char c){
	if(!ch[las][c-='a'])ch[las][c]=++tot;
	las=ch[las][c];
}
for(i=1;s[i];f[i+1]=s[i]==s[j]?j+1:0,i++)
for(j=f[i];j&&s[i]!=s[j];j=f[j]);
//ch是建好的Trie
void build_AC(){
	for(q[l=r=0]=0;l<=r;l++)
	for(int i=0,j;i<26;i++)
	if(j=ch[q[l]][i]){
		if(q[++r]=j,q[l])fail[j]=ch[fail[q[l]]][i];
	}
	else ch[q[l]][i]=ch[fail[q[l]]][i];
}
int nn(int l){return len[tot]=l,tot++;}//new_node
int gf(int x){//get_fail
	while(s[n-1-len[x]]!=s[n])x=fail[x];
	return x;
}
void add(char c){
	if(las=gf(las),!ch[las][c-='a']){
		now=nn(len[las]+2);
		fail[now]=ch[gf(fail[las])][c];
		ch[las][c]=now;
	}
	las=ch[las][c],f[las]++;
}
#define cmp(u,v) (x[u]!=x[v]||x[u+k]!=x[v+k])
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)c[x[i]=s[i]-'a'+1]++;
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)c[i]+=c[i-1];
for(i=n;i;i--)sa[c[x[i]]--]=i;
for(k=1;k<n&&(k==1||m<n);k<<=1,T=x,x=y,y=T){
	for(yt=0,i=n-k+1;i<=n;i++)y[++yt]=i;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(sa[i]>k)y[++yt]=sa[i]-k;
	for(i=1;i<=m;i++)c[i]=0;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)c[x[i]]++;
	for(i=1;i<=m;i++)c[i]+=c[i-1];
	for(i=n;i;i--)sa[c[x[y[i]]]--]=y[i];
	for(m=0,i=1;i<=n;i++)y[sa[i]]=i==1||cmp(sa[i],sa[i-1])?++m:m;
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)rk[sa[i]]=i;
for(i=1,k=0;i<=n;hei[rk[i++]]=k)
for(k?k--:0,j=sa[rk[i]-1];s[i+k]==s[j+k];k++);
class SAM{public:
	int S,tot,las,fail[N],ch[N][26],cnt,len[N];
	SAM(){S=tot=las=1;}
	void add(char c){
		int p=las,np=++tot;
		for(len[np]=len[p]+1;p&&!ch[p][c];p=fail[p])ch[p][c]=np;
		if(las=np,!p)fail[np]=S;
		else if(len[p]+1==len[ch[p][c]])fail[np]=ch[p][c];
		else{
			int q=ch[p][c],r=++tot;
			len[r]=len[p]+1,fail[r]=fail[q],fail[q]=fail[np]=r;
			memcpy(ch[r],ch[q],sizeof(ch[q]));
			for(;p&&ch[p][c]==q;p=fail[p])ch[p][c]=r;
		}
	}
}sam;

数学

int power(int t,int k,int p){
	int f=1;
	for(;k;k>>=1,t=1LL*t*t%p)
	if(k&1)f=1LL*f*t%p;
	return f;
}
void exgcd(int a,int b,int&x,int&y){
	!b?x=1,y=0:(exgcd(b,a%b,y,x),y-=x*(a/b));
}
inv[1]=1;
for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)inv[i]=1LL*(p-p/i)*inv[p%i]%p;
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
for(vis[i]==0?p[++t]=i,phi[i]=i-1:1,j=1;j<=t&&i*p[j]<=n;j++){
	vis[i*p[j]]=1;
	if(i%p[j]==0){
		phi[i*p[j]]=phi[i]*p[j];
		break;
	}
	phi[i*p[j]]=phi[i]*(p[j]-1);
}
//BZOJ-3667
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
typedef long long ll;
ll _,n,x,ans,st;
ll gcd(ll x,ll y){return y==0?x:gcd(y,x%y);}
#define abs(x) (x>0?x:-(x))
#define cmax(a,b) (a<b?a=b:1)
ll mul(ll a,ll b,ll p){
	ll tmp=(a*b-(ll)((long double)a/p*b+1e-7)*p);
	return tmp<0?tmp+p:tmp;
}
ll power(ll t,ll k,ll p){
	ll f=1;
	for(;k;k>>=1,t=mul(t,t,p))if(k&1)f=mul(f,t,p);
	return f;
}
bool check(ll a,int k,ll p,ll q){
	ll t=power(a,q,p);
	if(t==1||t==p-1)return 1;
	for(;k--;){
		t=mul(t,t,p);
		if(t==p-1)return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}
bool mr(ll p){
	if(p<=1)return 0;
	if(p==2)return 1;
	if(~p&1)return 0;
	ll q=p-1;int i,k=0;
	while(~q&1)q>>=1,k++;
	for(i=0;i<5;i++)
	if(!check(rand()%(p-1)+1,k,p,q))return 0;
	return 1;
}
ll rho(ll n,ll c){
	ll x=rand()%n,y=x,p=1;
	while(p==1)
		x=(mul(x,x,n)+c)%n,
		y=(mul(y,y,n)+c)%n,
		y=(mul(y,y,n)+c)%n,
		p=gcd(n,abs(x-y));
	return p;
}
void solve(ll n){
	if(n==1)return;
	if(mr(n)){cmax(ans,n);return;}
	if(~n&1)cmax(ans,2),solve(n>>1);
	else{
		ll t=n;
		while(t==n)t=rho(n,rand()%(n-1)+1);
		solve(t),solve(n/t);
	}
}
int main(){
	for(srand(1626),scanf("%lld",&_);_--;){
		scanf("%lld",&x),ans=0;solve(x);
		if(ans==x)puts("Prime");
		else printf("%lld\n",ans);
	}
}
void solve(int n){
	int i,j,k,las;double t;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(t=0,j=i;j<=n;j++)
		if(abs(a[j][i])>t)t=abs(a[j][i]),las=j;
		if(j=las,j!=i)for(k=1;k<=n+1;k++)std::swap(a[i][k],a[j][k]);
		for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
		for(t=a[j][i]/a[i][i],k=i;k<=n+1;k++)a[j][k]-=a[i][k]*t;
	}
	for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
	for(a[i][n+1]/=a[i][i],j=i-1;j;j--)a[j][n+1]-=a[j][i]*a[i][n+1];
}
struct M{int m[110][110];}c,t,f;
M operator*(const M&a,const M&b){
	static long long tp[110][110];
	memset(tp,0,sizeof(tp));
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)
	for(int kk=0;kk<k;kk++)
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
	tp[i][j]+=1LL*a.m[i][kk]*b.m[kk][j];
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++)c.m[i][j]=tp[i][j]%p;
	return c;
}
M power(M t,int k){
	for(f=t,k--;k;k>>=1,t=t*t)if(k&1)f=f*t;
	return f;
}
//BZOJ-4161
#include<cstdio>
#define p 1000000007
long long c[4010];
int n,k,u[2010],ans,x;int cnt;
struct P{int s[2010];}f,t;
void mult(P&a,const P&b){
	for(int i=0;i<k+k-1;i++)c[i]=0;
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
		c[i+j]+=1LL*a.s[i]*b.s[j];
		if(c[i+j]>=1LL<<62)c[i+j]%=p;
	}
	for(int i=k+k-2;~i;i--)
	if(c[i]%=p,i>=k){
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			c[i-1-j]+=c[i]*u[j];
			if(c[i-1-j]>=1LL<<62)c[i-1-j]%=p;
		}
		c[i]=0;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)a.s[i]=c[i];
}
int main(){
	scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)scanf("%d",u+i),u[i]%=p,u[i]<0?u[i]+=p:1;
	for(t.s[1]=f.s[0]=1;n;n>>=1,mult(t,t))if(n&1)mult(f,t);
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)scanf("%d",&x),x%=p,x<0?x+=p:1,ans=(ans+1LL*x*f.s[i])%p;
	printf("%d\n",ans);
}
#include<cstdio>
#define p 1004535809
#define N 3010
int n,x[N],y[N],q,l,r,x0,sum[N][N],isum[N][N],inv[250010],L[N],R[N],ans;
#define getinv(x) (x>=0?inv[x]:p-inv[-(x)])
int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);inv[1]=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%d%d",x+i,y+i);
	for(int i=2;i<=250000;i++)inv[i]=1LL*(p-p/i)*inv[p%i]%p;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		sum[i][0]=isum[i][0]=1;
		for(int j=1;j<i;j++)sum[i][j]=1LL*sum[i][j-1]*(p+x[i]-x[j])%p,isum[i][j]=1LL*isum[i][j-1]*getinv(x[i]-x[j])%p;
		sum[i][i]=sum[i][i-1],isum[i][i]=isum[i][i-1];
		for(int j=i+1;j<=n;j++)sum[i][j]=1LL*sum[i][j-1]*(p+x[i]-x[j])%p,isum[i][j]=1LL*isum[i][j-1]*getinv(x[i]-x[j])%p;
	}
	for(scanf("%d",&q);q--;printf("%d\n",ans)){
		scanf("%d%d%d",&l,&r,&x0);L[l-1]=R[r+1]=1;ans=0;
		for(int i=l;i<=r;i++)L[i]=1LL*L[i-1]*(p+x0-x[i])%p;
		for(int i=r;i>=l;i--)R[i]=1LL*R[i+1]*(p+x0-x[i])%p;
		for(int i=l;i<=r;i++)ans=(ans+1LL*sum[i][l-1]*isum[i][r]%p*L[i-1]%p*R[i+1]%p*y[i])%p;
	}
}
#include<cstdio>
#define N 3010
#define p 1004535809
int n,q,x[N],f[N][N],inv[250010];
#define getinv(x) (x>=0?inv[x]:p-inv[-(x)])
int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);inv[1]=1;
	for(int i=2;i<=250000;i++)inv[i]=1LL*(p-p/i)*inv[p%i]%p;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%d%d",x+i,f[i]+1);
	for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)
	for(int j=2,k=i-1;j<=i;j++,k--)f[i][j]=1LL*(p+f[i-1][j-1]-f[i][j-1])*getinv(x[k]-x[i])%p;
	scanf("%d",&q);
	for(int l,r,x0,ans;q--;printf("%d\n",ans)){
		scanf("%d%d%d",&l,&r,&x0);ans=0;
		for(int i=l,j=1,sum=1;i<=r;i++,j++)ans=(ans+1LL*f[i][j]*sum)%p,sum=1LL*sum*(p+x0-x[i])%p;
	}
}
//y^x==z (mod p) ->x=?
scanf("%d%d%d",&y,&z,&p),y%=p,z%=p;j=z;
if(y==0){puts("Cannot find x");continue;}
for(k=s=1;k*k<=p;k++);
std::map<int,int>hash;flag=0;
for(int i=0;i<k;i++,s=1LL*s*y%p,j=1LL*j*y%p)hash[j]=i;
for(int i=1,j=s;i<=k&&!flag;i++,j=1LL*j*s%p)
if(hash.count(j))ans=i*k-hash[j],flag=1;
if(flag==0)puts("Cannot find x");
else printf("%d\n",ans);
bool check(){
	for(i=2;i*i<=p;i++)
	if((p-1)%i==0&&power(g,(p-1)/i,p)==1)return 0;
	return 1;
}
void getroot(){
	if(p==2)g=1;else for(g=2;!check();g++);
	for(ind[1]=0,pw[0]=i=1;i<p-1;i++)pw[i]=pw[i-1]*g%p,ind[pw[i]]=i;
}
int bsgs(int a,ll b,int p){
	if(a%=p,b%=p,b==1)return 0;
	ll t=1;int f,g,delta=0,m=sqrt(p)+1,i;
	for(g=gcd(a,p);g!=1;g=gcd(a,p)){
		if(b%g)return -1;
		b/=g,p/=g,t=t*(a/g)%p,delta++;
		if(b==t)return delta;
	}
	std::map<int,int>hash;
	for(i=0;i<m;i++,b=b*a%p)hash[b]=i;
	for(i=1,f=power(a,m);i<=m+1;i++)
	if(t=t*f%p,hash.count(t))return i*m-hash[t]+delta;
	return -1;
}
//BZOJ-3944
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned U;
const ll oo=1LL<<60;
#define N 1<<22
const int M=(1<<18)-1;
int n,k,p[N],t,vis[N],T,a[20];ll phi[N],miu[N];
class map{public:
	int et,la[M+1];
	struct E{int nxt;U x;ll ans;}e[1<<18];
	inline ll find(U x){
		for(int i=la[x&M];i;i=e[i].nxt)
		if(e[i].x==x)return e[i].ans;
		return -oo;
	}
	inline void ins(U x,ll ans){
		e[++et]=(E){la[x&M],x,ans},la[x&M]=et;
	}
}_phi,_miu;
ll getphi(U n){
	if(n<=k)return phi[n];
	ll ans=_phi.find(n);
	if(ans!=-oo)return ans;ans=n*(n+1LL)/2;
	for(U l=2,r;l<=n;l=r+1)r=n/(n/l),ans-=(r-l+1)*getphi(n/l);
	return _phi.ins(n,ans),ans;
}
ll getmiu(U n){
	if(n<=k)return miu[n];
	ll ans=_miu.find(n);
	if(ans!=-oo)return ans;ans=1;
	for(U l=2,r;l<=n;l=r+1)r=n/(n/l),ans-=(r-l+1)*getmiu(n/l);
	return _miu.ins(n,ans),ans;
}
int main(){
	scanf("%d",&T);
	for(int i=1;i<=T;i++)scanf("%d",a+i),n<a[i]?n=a[i]:1;
	k=2.5*pow(n,2.0/3)+1;phi[1]=miu[1]=1;
	for(int i=2;i<=k;i++){
		if(!vis[i])p[++t]=i,phi[i]=i-1,miu[i]=-1;
		for(int j=1;j<=t&&i*p[j]<=k;j++){
			vis[i*p[j]]=1;
			if(i%p[j]==0){
				phi[i*p[j]]=phi[i]*p[j];
				break;
			}
			phi[i*p[j]]=phi[i]*phi[p[j]],miu[i*p[j]]=-miu[i];
		}
	}
	for(int i=2;i<=k;i++)phi[i]+=phi[i-1],miu[i]+=miu[i-1];
	for(int i=1;i<=T;i++)printf("%lld %lld\n",getphi(a[i]),getmiu(a[i]));
}
struct LP{
	int n,m;ld a[10010][1010],b[10010],c[1010],v;
	void setup(int _n,int _m){
		n=_n,m=_m,v=0;
	}
	void pivot(int l,int e){
		int i,j;
		for(j=1;j<=n;j++)if(j!=e)a[l][j]/=a[l][e];
		b[l]/=a[l][e],a[l][e]=1/a[l][e];
		for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
		if(i!=l&&std::fabs(a[i][e])>eps){
			for(j=1;j<=n;j++)if(j!=e)a[i][j]-=a[i][e]*a[l][j];
			b[i]-=a[i][e]*b[l],a[i][e]*=-a[l][e];
		}
		for(j=1;j<=n;j++)if(j!=e)c[j]-=c[e]*a[l][j];
		v+=c[e]*b[l],c[e]*=-a[l][e];
	}
	ld simplex(){
		int i,l,e;ld tmp;
		while(1){tmp=eps;e=n+1;
			for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(c[i]>tmp)tmp=c[i],e=i;
			if(e==n+1)return v;
			tmp=oo;
			for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
			if(a[i][e]>eps&&b[i]/a[i][e]<tmp)tmp=b[i]/a[i][e],l=i;
			if(tmp==oo)return tmp;
			pivot(l,e);
		}
	}
}dcx;
for(k=1;k<n<<1;k<<=1,L++);L--;
for(i=1;i<k;i++)rev[i]=(rev[i>>1]>>1)|((i&1)<<L);
for(i=0;i<=k;i++)w[1][k-i]=w[0][i]=(P){cos(PI*2*i/k),sin(PI*2*i/k)};

void FFT(P*a,int n,P*w){
	int i,j,k;
	for(i=1;i<n;i++)if(i>rev[i])std::swap(a[i],a[rev[i]]);
	for(i=2;i<=n;i<<=1)
	for(j=0;j<n;j+=i)
	for(k=0;k<i>>1;k++)
	tmp=a[j+k+i/2]*w[n/i*k],a[j+k+i/2]=a[j+k]-tmp,a[j+k]=a[j+k]+tmp;
}
#define ck(x) (x>=p?x-=p:1)
for(n=1;n<m;n<<=1,l++);n<<=1;g=power(3,(P-1)/n);
for(w[0][0]=w[1][0]=i=1;i<n;i++){
	w[1][n-i]=w[0][i]=g*w[0][i-1]%P;
	rev[i]=(rev[i>>1]>>1)|((i&1)<<l);
}

void FFT(int*a,int*w){
	int i,j,k,tmp;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)if(i>rev[i])tmp=a[i],a[i]=a[rev[i]],a[rev[i]]=tmp;
	for(i=2;i<=n;i<<=1)
	for(j=0;j<n;j+=i)
	for(k=0;k<i>>1;k++)
	tmp=1LL*a[j+k+i/2]*w[n/i*k]%p,a[j+k+i/2]=a[j+k]-tmp+p,a[j+k]+=tmp,ck(a[j+k+i/2]),ck(a[j+k]);
}
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#define N 1<<18|10
#define p 1004535809
int n,l,k,w[2][N],rev[N],a[N],b[N],c[N],g,tot=1<<18;
int power(int t,int k){
	int f=1;
	for(;k;k>>=1,t=1LL*t*t%p)if(k&1)f=1LL*f*t%p;
	return f;
}
#define ck(x) (x>=p?x-=p:1)
void FFT(int*a,int n,int*w){
	int i,j,k,l,tmp;
	for(i=1;i<n;i++)if(rev[i]<i)tmp=a[rev[i]],a[rev[i]]=a[i],a[i]=tmp;
	for(i=2;i<=n;i<<=1)
	for(l=i>>1,j=0;j<n;j+=i)
	for(k=0;k<l;k++)
	tmp=1LL*a[j+k+l]*w[tot/i*k]%p,a[j+k+l]=a[j+k]-tmp+p,a[j+k]+=tmp,ck(a[j+k+l]),ck(a[j+k]);
}
void getinv(int deg,int*a,int*b){
	if(deg==1){
		b[0]=power(a[0],p-2);
		return;
	}
	getinv(deg+1>>1,a,b);
	for(l=0,k=1;k<deg;k<<=1,l++);k<<=1;
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)rev[i]=(rev[i>>1]>>1)|((i&1)<<l);
	std::copy(a,a+deg,c);
	std::fill(c+deg,c+k,0);
	FFT(b,k,w[0]),FFT(c,k,w[0]);
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)b[i]=(2-1LL*c[i]*b[i]%p)*b[i]%p+p,ck(b[i]);
	FFT(b,k,w[1]);g=power(k,p-2);
	for(int i=0;i<k;i++)b[i]=1LL*b[i]*g%p;
	std::fill(b+deg,b+k,0);
}
int main(){
	w[0][0]=w[1][0]=1;g=power(3,(p-1)/tot);
	for(k=1;k<=tot;k++)w[0][k]=w[1][tot-k]=1LL*g*w[0][k-1]%p;
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",a+i);
	getinv(n,a,b);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)printf("%d ",b[i]);puts("");
}
//还是若干年前写的。。。找线性递推规律
#include<cstdio>
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXS=1000;
double a[MAXS][MAXS+1],temp;
void swap(double&i,double&j){temp=i;i=j;j=temp;}
double abs(double a){return a>0?a:-a;}
void solve(ll n){
	ll i,j,k,lasi;double t,maxi;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
		maxi=0;
		for(j=i;j<=n;j++)
		if(abs(a[j][i])>maxi){
			maxi=abs(a[j][i]);lasi=j;
		}j=lasi;
		if(j!=i)for(k=1;k<=n+1;k++)swap(a[i][k],a[j][k]);
		for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++){
			t=a[j][i]/a[i][i];
			for(k=i;k<=n+1;k++)a[j][k]-=a[i][k]*t;
		}
	}
	for(i=n;i>=1;i--){
		a[i][n+1]/=a[i][i];
		for(j=i-1;j>=1;j--)
			a[j][n+1]-=a[j][i]*a[i][n+1];
	}
}
ll f[1000],n,k,ans,
F[1000]={3,9,13,25,81,225,477,1089,2785,6889,16237,38809,94641,229441,551613,1329409,3215041};

int main()
{
	int i,j,k;double ans;
	n=15;
	for(int l=2;l<=n;l++)
	{
		for(i=1;i<=l;i++)
		for(j=i;j<=i+l;j++)
		a[i][j-i+1]=F[j];
//		for(i=1;i<=l;i++){for(j=1;j<=l+1;j++)printf("%.0lf ",a[i][j]);printf("\n");}
		solve(l);
		for(i=1;i<=l;i++)printf("%.5lf ",a[i][l+1]);printf("\n");
		getchar();
	}
}

计算几何

typedef double ld;
#define PP const P&
struct P{
	ld x,y;
	bool operator<(PP a)const{return x<a.x||x==a.x&&y<a.y;}
	P operator+(PP a)const{return(P){x+a.x,y+a.y};}
	P operator-(PP a)const{return(P){x-a.x,y-a.y};}
	P operator*(ld a)const{return(P){x*a,y*a};}
	P operator/(ld a)const{return(P){x/a,y/a};}
	P operator*(PP a)const{return(P){x*a.x-y*a.y,x*a.y+y*a.x};}
	ld operator|(PP a)const{return x*a.x+y*a.y;}
	ld operator&(PP a)const{return x*a.y-y*a.x;}
	P operator/(PP a)const{ld g=a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y;return (P){(x*a.x+y*a.y)/g,(y*a.x-x*a.y)/g};}
	void _sqrt(){ld t=atan2(y,x)*.5,len=sqrt(sqrt(x*x+y*y));x=len*cos(t),y=len*sin(t);}
};
ld len2(PP a){return a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y;}
#define check(a,b,c) ((b-a)&(c-a))
std::sort(a+1,a+1+n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)a[n+n-i+1]=a[i];
for(r=0,i=1;i<=n+n;q[++r]=a[i++])
while(r>1&&check(q[r-1],q[r],a[i])<=0)r--;
//BZOJ-1209
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
typedef double ld;
char ch,B[1<<15],*S=B,*T=B;
#define getc() (S==T&&(T=(S=B)+fread(B,1,1<<15,stdin),S==T)?0:*S++)
#define isd(c) (c>='0'&&c<='9')
int bb;ld aa,ee;ld F(){
	while(ch=getc(),!isd(ch)&&ch!='-');ch=='-'?aa=bb=0:(aa=ch-'0',bb=1);
	while(ch=getc(),isd(ch))aa=aa*10+ch-'0';ee=1;
	if(ch=='.')while(ch=getc(),isd(ch))aa+=(ch-'0')*(ee*=0.1);return bb?aa:-aa;
}
ld G(){
	return (rand()-(1<<30))/1e21;
}
int n,i,j,t[2],vis[1010][1010],now,las,tmp;ld ans;
struct P{ld x,y,z;}p[1010];
#define PP const P&
P operator-(PP a,PP b){return (P){a.x-b.x,a.y-b.y,a.z-b.z};}
P operator&(PP a,PP b){return (P){a.y*b.z-a.z*b.y,a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z,a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x};}
ld operator|(PP a,PP b){return a.x*b.x+a.y*b.y+a.z*b.z;}
ld len(PP a){return sqrt(a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y+a.z*a.z);}
#define ck(a,b,c) ((b-a)&(c-a))
struct Sfc{
	int a,b,c;P s;
	void up(int x,int y,int z){
		a=x,b=y,c=z,s=ck(p[x],p[y],p[z]);
	}
}q[2][3010];
#define see(i,f) ((f.s|(p[i]-p[f.a]))>0)
#define ns q[las][j]
#define pd(a,b) if(vis[a][b]&&!vis[b][a])q[now][++t[now]].up(a,b,i)
int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)p[i]=(P){F()+G(),F()+G(),F()+G()};
	for(q[1][++t[1]].up(1,2,3),q[1][++t[1]].up(3,2,1),i=4;i<=n;i++){
		now=i&1,las=now^1,t[now]=0;
		for(j=1;j<=t[las];j++){
			if(tmp=see(i,ns),!tmp)q[now][++t[now]]=ns;
			vis[ns.a][ns.b]=vis[ns.b][ns.c]=vis[ns.c][ns.a]=tmp;
		}
		for(j=1;j<=t[las];j++){
			pd(ns.a,ns.b);
			pd(ns.b,ns.c);
			pd(ns.c,ns.a);
		}
	}
	for(now=n&1,i=1;i<=t[now];i++)ans+=len(q[now][i].s);
	printf("%lf\n",ans*0.5);
}
//BZOJ-1007
#define N 50010
int n,i,q[N],r;
struct P{int x,y,n;}a[N];
#define PP const P&
bool operator<(PP a,PP b){return a.x<b.x||a.x==b.x&&a.y<b.y;}
P operator-(PP a,PP b){return (P){a.x-b.x,a.y-b.y};}
long long operator*(PP a,PP b){return 1LL*a.x*b.y-1LL*a.y*b.x;}
long long check(PP a,PP b,PP c){return (b-a)*(c-a);}
int main(){
	for(n=F(),i=1;i<=n;i++)a[i]=(P){F(),-F(),i};
	std::sort(a+1,a+1+n);
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(a[i].x!=a[i-1].x){
		while(r>1&&check(a[q[r-1]],a[q[r]],a[i])<=0)r--;q[++r]=i;
	}
	for(i=1;i<=r;i++)q[i]=a[q[i]].n;
	std::sort(q+1,q+1+r);
	for(i=1;i<=r;i++)printf("%d ",q[i]);puts("");
}
//POJ-1151
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#define N 1024
#define ld double
int n,m,i,j,t,cnt[N],tot;ld ans,len[N],L[N],R[N],dx[N],dy[N],x1,x2,y1,y2;
struct D{ld x1,x2,y;int p;}d[N];
bool operator<(const D&i,const D&j){return i.y<j.y||i.y==j.y&&i.p>j.p;}
void mt(int o){
	if(cnt[o])len[o]=R[o]-L[o];
	else len[o]=len[o<<1]+len[o<<1|1];
}
void bt(int o,int l,int r){
	L[o]=dx[l],R[o]=dx[r],len[o]=cnt[o]=0;
	int mid=l+r>>1;
	if(l+1<r)bt(o<<1,l,mid),bt(o<<1|1,mid,r);
	else len[o<<1]=len[o<<1|1]=0,L[o<<1]=R[o<<1]=L[o],L[o<<1|1]=R[o<<1|1]=R[o];
}
void upd(int o,ld l,ld r,int p){
	if(l<=L[o]&&R[o]<=r){
		cnt[o]+=p,mt(o);return;
	}
	if(l<R[o<<1])upd(o<<1,l,r,p);
	if(r>L[o<<1|1])upd(o<<1|1,l,r,p);
	mt(o);
}
int main(){
	while(scanf("%d",&n),n){
		for(tot=m=0,i=1;i<=n;i++)
		scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2),
		dy[++tot]=x1,d[tot]=(D){x1,x2,y1,1},
		dy[++tot]=x2,d[tot]=(D){x1,x2,y2,-1};
		std::sort(dy+1,dy+1+tot);
		std::sort(d+1,d+1+tot);
		for(i=1,m=0;i<=tot;i++)
		if(dy[i]!=dy[i+1])dx[++m]=dy[i];
		bt(1,1,m);
		for(ans=0,i=1;i<=tot;i++){
			upd(1,d[i].x1,d[i].x2,d[i].p);
			ans+=len[1]*(d[i+1].y-d[i].y);
		}
		printf("Test case #%d\nTotal explored area: %.2lf\n\n",++t,ans);
	}
}
//BZOJ-2177
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
char B[1<<15],*S=B,*T=B,ch;
#define getc() (S==T&&(T=(S=B)+fread(B,1,1<<15,stdin),S==T)?0:*S++)
int aa,bb;int F(){
	while(ch=getc(),(ch<'0'||ch>'9')&&ch!='-');ch=='-'?aa=bb=0:(aa=ch-'0',bb=1);
	while(ch=getc(),ch>='0'&&ch<='9')aa=aa*10+ch-'0';return bb?aa:-aa;
}
#define N 100010
int n,swp,cnt,z[N];long long ans;
#define swap(a,b) (swp=a,a=b,b=swp)
#define abs(x) (x>0?x:-(x))
#define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b)
#define cmax(x) (ans<x?ans=x:1)
struct P{int x,y,id,nx,ny;}p[N];
bool operator<(const P&a,const P&b){return a.nx<b.nx||a.nx==b.nx&&a.ny<b.ny;}
class Graph{
private:
	int et,la[N],ufs[N],tot;
	struct D{
		int x,y,v;
		bool operator<(const D&a)const{return v<a.v;}
	}d[N<<2];
	struct E{int to,v,nxt;}e[N<<1];
	int gf(int x){return ufs[x]==x?x:ufs[x]=gf(ufs[x]);}
	void adde(int x,int y,int v){
		e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et;
		e[++et]=(E){x,v,la[y]},la[y]=et;
	}
public:
	Graph(){et=1;}
	void add(int x,int y,int v){d[++tot]=(D){x,y,v};}
	void make(){
		std::sort(d+1,d+1+tot);
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)ufs[i]=i;cnt=n;
		for(int i=1,x,y;i<=tot;i++)
		if((x=gf(d[i].x))!=(y=gf(d[i].y))){
			ufs[x]=y,cnt--,ans+=d[i].v,
			adde(d[i].x,d[i].y,d[i].v);
		}
	}
}G;
struct D{int x,n;}d[N];
bool operator<(const D&a,const D&b){return a.x<b.x;}
#define dis(i,j) (abs(p[i].x-p[j].x)+abs(p[i].y-p[j].y))
void ins(int i){
	for(int t=p[i].ny;t<=cnt;t+=t&-t)
	if(z[t]==0||p[z[t]].x+p[z[t]].y<p[i].x+p[i].y)z[t]=i;
}
int query(int i){int f=0;
	for(int t=p[i].ny;t>0;t-=t&-t)
	if(z[t]&&(f==0||p[z[t]].x+p[z[t]].y>p[f].x+p[f].y))f=z[t];
	return f;
}
void work(){
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)p[i].nx=p[i].x-p[i].y,p[i].ny=p[i].y;
	std::sort(p+1,p+1+n);
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)d[i]=(D){p[i].ny,i};
	std::sort(d+1,d+1+n);d[n+1].x=d[n].x;cnt=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		p[d[i].n].ny=cnt;
		if(d[i].x!=d[i+1].x)cnt++;
	}
	memset(z,0,sizeof(z));
	for(int i=1,j;i<=n;ins(i++))
	if(j=query(i))G.add(p[i].id,p[j].id,dis(i,j));
}
int main(){
	n=F();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)p[i]=(P){F(),F(),i};work();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)swap(p[i].x,p[i].y);work();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)p[i].y=-p[i].y;work();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)swap(p[i].x,p[i].y);work();G.make();
	printf("%lld\n",ans);
}
//BZOJ-3911
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#define N 100010
#define sqr(x) ((x)*(x))
#define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b)
int aa;char ch;int F(){
	while(ch=getchar(),ch<'0'||ch>'9');aa=ch-'0';
	while(ch=getchar(),ch>='0'&&ch<='9')aa=aa*10+ch-'0';return aa;
}
typedef double ld;
struct P{
	ld x,y;
#define PP const P&
	bool operator<(PP a)const {return x<a.x||x==a.x&&y<a.y;}
	P operator-(PP a)const {return (P){x-a.x,y-a.y};}
	ld operator&(PP a)const {return x*a.y-y*a.x;}
	ld operator|(PP a)const {return x*a.x+y*a.y;}
}p[N];
#define check(a,b,c) ((b-a)&(c-a))
ld dis2(PP a){return a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y;}
#define cross(a,b,c,d) (check(p[a],p[c],p[d])*check(p[b],p[c],p[d])<0&&check(p[c],p[a],p[b])*check(p[d],p[a],p[b])<0)
struct P3{
	ld x,y,z;
	bool operator<(const P3&a)const {return x<a.x||x==a.x&&y<a.y;}
	P3 operator-(const P3&a)const {return (P3){x-a.x,y-a.y,z-a.z};}
	ld operator|(const P3&a)const {return x*a.x+y*a.y+z*a.z;}
	P3 operator&(const P3&a)const {return (P3){y*a.z-z*a.y,z*a.x-x*a.z,x*a.y-y*a.x};}
}ori[N];
#define gp3(a) (P3){a.x,a.y,a.x*a.x+a.y*a.y}
bool incir(int a,int b,int c,int d){
	P3 aa=gp3(p[a]),bb=gp3(p[b]),cc=gp3(p[c]),dd=gp3(p[d]);
	if(check(p[a],p[b],p[c])<0)std::swap(bb,cc);
	return (check(aa,bb,cc)|(dd-aa))<0;
}
int n,m,i,j,et=1,la[N],ts,xx,yy,fa[N][20],tot,cnt,dep[N],l,r,q[N<<2],ufs[N];ld mx[N][20];
struct E{int to,l,r;}e[N<<5];
void add(int x,int y){
	e[++et]=(E){y,la[x]},e[la[x]].r=et,la[x]=et;
	e[++et]=(E){x,la[y]},e[la[y]].r=et,la[y]=et;
}
void del(int x){
	e[e[x].r].l=e[x].l,e[e[x].l].r=e[x].r,la[e[x^1].to]==x?la[e[x^1].to]=e[x].l:1;
}
void delaunay(int l,int r){
	if(r-l<=2){
		for(int i=l;i<r;i++)
		for(int j=i+1;j<=r;j++)add(i,j);
		return;
	}
	int i,j,mid=l+r>>1,ld=0,rd=0,id,op;
	delaunay(l,mid),delaunay(mid+1,r);
	for(tot=0,i=l;i<=r;q[++tot]=i++)
	while(tot>1&&check(p[q[tot-1]],p[q[tot]],p[i])<0)tot--;
	for(i=1;i<tot&&!ld;i++)if(q[i]<=mid&&mid<q[i+1])ld=q[i],rd=q[i+1];
	for(;add(ld,rd),1;){
		id=op=0;
		for(i=la[ld];i;i=e[i].l)if(check(p[ld],p[rd],p[e[i].to])>0)
		if(!id||incir(ld,rd,id,e[i].to))op=-1,id=e[i].to;
		for(i=la[rd];i;i=e[i].l)if(check(p[rd],p[ld],p[e[i].to])<0)
		if(!id||incir(ld,rd,id,e[i].to))op=1,id=e[i].to;
		if(op==0)break;
		if(op==-1){
			for(i=la[ld];i;i=e[i].l)
			if(cross(rd,id,ld,e[i].to))del(i),del(i^1),i=e[i].r;
			ld=id;
		}else{
			for(i=la[rd];i;i=e[i].l)
			if(cross(ld,id,rd,e[i].to))del(i),del(i^1),i=e[i].r;
			rd=id;
		}
	}
}
struct D{int x,y;ld v;}d[N<<3];
bool operator<(const D&i,const D&j){return i.v<j.v;}
int gf(int x){return ufs[x]==x?x:ufs[x]=gf(ufs[x]);}
struct G{int to;double v;int nxt;}g[N<<3];
#define addg(x,y,v) (g[++et]=(G){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et)
ld query(int x,int y){
	int k,i;ld ans=0;
	if(dep[x]<dep[y])k=x,x=y,y=k;
	for(k=dep[x]-dep[y],i=0;k;k>>=1,i++)if(k&1)
	ans=max(ans,mx[x][i]),x=fa[x][i];
	if(x==y)return ans;
	
	for(i=0;fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i];i++);
	for(i--;~i;i--)if(fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i])
	ans=max(ans,max(mx[x][i],mx[y][i])),x=fa[x][i],y=fa[y][i];
	ans=max(ans,max(mx[x][0],mx[y][0]));return ans;
}
int main(){
	for(n=F(),i=1;i<=n;i++)xx=F(),yy=F(),p[i]=(P){xx,yy},ori[i]=(P3){xx,yy,i},ufs[i]=i;
	std::sort(p+1,p+1+n);std::sort(ori+1,ori+1+n);delaunay(1,n);
	
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
	for(j=la[i];j;j=e[j].l)xx=ori[i].z,yy=ori[e[j].to].z,
	d[++tot]=(D){xx,yy,dis2(p[i]-p[e[j].to])};
	std::sort(d+1,d+1+tot);
	
	memset(la,0,sizeof(la)),et=0;
	for(i=1;i<=tot&&cnt<n-1;i++)if(gf(d[i].x)!=gf(d[i].y))
	cnt++,ufs[ufs[d[i].x]]=ufs[d[i].y],
	addg(d[i].x,d[i].y,d[i].v),addg(d[i].y,d[i].x,d[i].v);
	
	for(q[l=r=1]=dep[1]=1;l<=r;l++)
	for(i=la[q[l]];i;i=g[i].nxt)if(!dep[g[i].to])
	for(dep[q[++r]=g[i].to]=dep[q[l]]+1,fa[g[i].to][j=0]=q[l],mx[g[i].to][0]=g[i].v;fa[g[i].to][j];j++)
	fa[g[i].to][j+1]=fa[fa[g[i].to][j]][j],mx[g[i].to][j+1]=max(mx[g[i].to][j],mx[fa[g[i].to][j]][j]);
	
	for(m=F();m--;printf("%.6lf\n",sqrt(query(F(),F()))));
}
//WC2013 Planner Graph
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<set>
int aa;char ch,B[1<<15],*S=B,*T=B;
#define getc() (S==T&&(T=(S=B)+fread(B,1,1<<15,stdin),S==T)?0:*S++)
#define GetAA() \
	while(ch=getc(),ch<'0'||ch>'9');aa=ch-'0';\
	while(ch=getc(),ch>='0'&&ch<='9')aa=aa*10+ch-'0'
int F(){GetAA();return aa;}
int Fl(){GetAA();return aa<<1|(ch=='.'?getc(),1:0);}
#define min(a,b) (a<b?a:b)
#define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b)
#define cmax(a,b) (a<b?a=b:1)
typedef double ld;
typedef long long ll;
#define N 300010
int n,m,qtot,et=1,la[N],id[N],cnt,vis[N],inf;ll sum[N];
struct E{int to,v,nxt,pre;}e[N];
void adde(int x,int y,int v){
	e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et;
	e[++et]=(E){x,v,la[y]},la[y]=et;
}
struct P{int x,y;}p[N];
#define PP const P&
bool operator<(PP a,PP b){return a.x<b.x||a.x==b.x&&a.y<b.y;}
bool operator==(PP a,PP b){return a.x==b.x&&a.y==b.y;}
P operator-(PP a,PP b){return (P){a.x-b.x,a.y-b.y};}
ll operator*(PP a,PP b){return 1LL*a.x*b.y-1LL*a.y*b.x;}
struct D{P to;int n;};
bool operator<(const D&a,const D&b){return atan2(a.to.y,a.to.x)<atan2(b.to.y,b.to.x);}
struct Q{P p;int n;}a[N];
bool operator<(const Q&a,const Q&b){return a.p<b.p||a.p==b.p&&a.n<b.n;}
struct Graph{
	int et,la[N],q[N],l,r,fa[N][20],mx[N][20],vis[N],dep[N],ufs[N],tot;
	struct E{int to,v,nxt;}e[N<<1];
	struct H{
		int x,y,v;
		bool operator<(const H&b)const{return v<b.v;}
	}d[N];
	int gf(int x){return ufs[x]==x?x:ufs[x]=gf(ufs[x]);}
	void adde(int x,int y,int v){
		e[++et]=(E){y,v,la[x]},la[x]=et;
		e[++et]=(E){x,v,la[y]},la[y]=et;
	}
	void add(int x,int y,int v){d[++tot]=(H){x,y,v};}
	void bfs(){
		for(q[l=r=0]=inf==1?2:1,vis[inf==1?2:1]=1;l<=r;l++)
		for(int i=la[q[l]];i;i=e[i].nxt)
		if(!vis[e[i].to]){
			vis[q[++r]=e[i].to]=1;mx[e[i].to][0]=e[i].v;
			dep[e[i].to]=dep[fa[e[i].to][0]=q[l]]+1;
			for(int j=0;fa[e[i].to][j];j++)
			fa[e[i].to][j+1]=fa[fa[e[i].to][j]][j],
			mx[e[i].to][j+1]=max(mx[e[i].to][j],mx[fa[e[i].to][j]][j]);
		}
	}
	int query(int x,int y){
		int k,i,ans=0;
		if(x==inf||y==inf||gf(x)!=gf(y))return -1;
		if(dep[x]<dep[y])k=x,x=y,y=k;
		for(i=0,k=dep[x]-dep[y];k;k>>=1,i++)if(k&1)cmax(ans,mx[x][i]),x=fa[x][i];
		if(x==y)return ans;
		for(i=0;fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i];i++);
		for(i--;~i;i--)if(fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i])
		cmax(ans,mx[x][i]),x=fa[x][i],
		cmax(ans,mx[y][i]),y=fa[y][i];
		cmax(ans,mx[x][0]),cmax(ans,mx[y][0]);return ans;
	}
	void work1(){
		for(int i=1;i<=cnt;i++)ufs[i]=i;
		std::sort(d+1,d+1+tot);et=1;
		for(int i=1,x,y;i<=tot;i++)
		if((x=gf(d[i].x))!=(y=gf(d[i].y)))
		ufs[x]=y,adde(d[i].x,d[i].y,d[i].v);
		bfs();
	}
	void work2(){
		for(int i=1;i<=qtot;i++)printf("%d\n",query(id[i+n],id[i+n+qtot]));
	}
}G;
void sort_edge(int x){
	int tot=0;static D d[N];
	for(int i=la[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)d[++tot]=(D){p[e[i].to]-p[x],i};
	std::sort(d+1,d+1+tot);
	for(int i=2;i<=tot;i++)e[d[i].n].pre=d[i-1].n;
	e[d[1].n].pre=d[tot].n;
}
void get_area(int col,int i){
	int o=i;P x=p[e[i^1].to];
	for(vis[i]=col;(i=e[i^1].pre)!=o;vis[i]=col)
	sum[col]+=(p[e[i^1].to]-x)*(p[e[i].to]-x);
	if(sum[col]<0)sum[col]=-sum[col];
}
void work1(){
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)sort_edge(i);
	for(int i=2;i<=et;i++)if(!vis[i])get_area(++cnt,i);
	for(int i=1;i<=cnt;i++)if(sum[i]>sum[inf])inf=i;
	for(int i=2;i<=et;i++)if(vis[i]!=inf&&vis[i^1]!=inf&&vis[i^1]<vis[i])G.add(vis[i],vis[i^1],e[i].v);
}
ld nowx;
struct T{
	int tot;
	struct Node{
		ld k,b,x0;int col;
		bool operator<(const Node&a)const{return k*(nowx+0.001)+b<a.k*(nowx+0.001)+a.b||k*(nowx+0.001)+b==a.k*(nowx+0.001)+a.b&&x0<a.x0;}
	}tr[N];
	std::set<Node>s;
	std::set<Node>::iterator it[N];
	void init(){
		for(int i=2;i<=et;i+=2){
			tr[i>>1].k=1.0*(p[e[i].to].y-p[e[i^1].to].y)/(p[e[i].to].x-p[e[i^1].to].x);
			tr[i>>1].b=p[e[i].to].y-tr[i>>1].k*p[e[i].to].x;
			tr[i>>1].x0=min(p[e[i].to].x,p[e[i^1].to].x);
			if(p[e[i].to].x>p[e[i^1].to].x)tr[i>>1].col=vis[i];else tr[i>>1].col=vis[i^1];
		}
		tr[0].col=inf;tr[0].b=-1;
		tr[tot=(et>>1)+1].k=0,tr[tot].b=1<<30,tr[tot].col=inf;nowx=0;
		it[0]=s.insert(tr[0]).first;
		it[tot]=s.insert(tr[tot]).first;tot++;
	}
	void ins(int x,int k){nowx=x;it[k]=s.insert(tr[k]).first;}
	void del(int k){s.erase(it[k]);}
	void query(int o,int x,int y){
		nowx=x,tr[tot].k=0,tr[tot].b=y;
		id[o]=(*--s.lower_bound(tr[tot])).col;
	}
}tree;
void work2(){
	qtot=F();int tot=n;
	for(int i=1;i<=qtot;i++)id[i]=inf,
	a[++tot].p=(P){Fl(),Fl()},a[tot].n=i+n,
	a[++tot].p=(P){Fl(),Fl()},a[tot].n=i+n+qtot;
	std::sort(a+1,a+1+n+qtot*2);tree.init();
	for(int i=1;i<=tot;i++)
	if(a[i].n<=n){
		for(int j=la[a[i].n];j;j=e[j].nxt)
		if(p[a[i].n].x!=p[e[j].to].x)
		if(p[a[i].n].x>p[e[j].to].x)tree.del(j>>1);
		else tree.ins(p[a[i].n].x,j>>1);
	}
	else tree.query(a[i].n,a[i].p.x,a[i].p.y);
}
int main(){
	n=F(),m=F();G.et=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)a[i].p=p[i]=(P){Fl(),Fl()},a[i].n=i;
	for(int i=1,x,y,v;i<=m;i++)x=F(),y=F(),v=F(),adde(x,y,v);
	work1();G.work1();
	work2();G.work2();
}
//BZOJ-2178 若干年前写的
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#define eps 1e-8
#define ld double
int n,i,ll,rr,t;ld ans;
struct qj{ld l,r;}q[1010];
struct data{int x,y,r,lx,rx;}a[1010];
ld abs(ld a){return a>0?a:-a;}
ld max(ld a,ld b){return a>b?a:b;}
bool cmp(const qj&i,const qj&j){return i.l<j.l;}
ld sqr(ld x){return x*x;}
ld f(ld xx)
{
	int i;ld ans=0,nl=-10001,nr=-10001;t=0;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
	if(abs(a[i].x-xx)<=a[i].r)
	{
		q[++t].l=a[i].y-sqrt(sqr(a[i].r)-sqr(a[i].x-xx));
		q[t].r=2*a[i].y-q[t].l;
	}
	std::sort(q+1,q+1+t,cmp);
	for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
	{
		if(nr<q[i].l){ans+=nr-nl;nl=q[i].l;}
		nr=max(nr,q[i].r);
	}
	return ans+nr-nl;
}
ld d(ld l,ld r,ld fl,ld fr,ld fm,ld s)
{
	ld mid=(l+r)/2;
	ld flm=f((l+mid)/2);
	ld fmr=f((mid+r)/2);
	ld ls=(fl+fm+4*flm)*(mid-l);
	ld rs=(fm+fr+4*fmr)*(r-mid);
	if(r-l>3.75)return d(l,mid,fl,fm,flm,ls)+d(mid,r,fm,fr,fmr,rs);
	if(abs(s-ls-rs)<eps)return s;
	else return d(l,mid,fl,fm,flm,ls)+d(mid,r,fm,fr,fmr,rs);
}
bool cmp1(const data&i,const data&j){return i.lx<j.lx;}
int main()
{
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
	{
		scanf("%d%d%d",&a[i].x,&a[i].y,&a[i].r);
		a[i].lx=a[i].x-a[i].r;
		a[i].rx=a[i].x+a[i].r;
	}
	std::sort(a+1,a+1+n,cmp1);
	ll=rr=-10001;
	ld fl,fr,fm,fs;
	for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
	{
		if(rr<a[i].lx)
		{
			fl=f(ll);fr=f(rr);fm=f((ll+rr)>>1);fs=(fl+fr+4*fm)*(rr-ll);
			ans+=d(ll,rr,fl,fr,fm,fs);
			ll=a[i].lx;
		}
		rr=max(rr,a[i].rx);
	}
	fl=f(ll);fr=f(rr);fm=f((ll+rr)>>1);fs=(fl+fr+4*fm)*(rr-ll);
	ans+=d(ll,rr,fl,fr,fm,fs);
	printf("%.3lf",ans/6);
}

让我想想漏了什么...

---By n+e
TsReaper 说:
2015年7月14日 15:55

NOI加油!

Avatar_small
n+e 说:
2015年7月14日 20:51

@TsReaper: Orz orzzgg

NoNoSS 说:
2016年12月09日 22:19

单调队列去哪了?

Avatar_small
n+e 说:
2016年12月09日 22:40

@NoNoSS: 这太simple了所以就没贴...

HappyJack233 说:
2018年11月08日 21:24

%%%简直刷新了我对模板长度的认识emm


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